Cervical Cancer in Women: Early Symptoms and Prevention Tips from Experts

Cervical cancer is becoming increasingly common worldwide, with around 600,000 new cases and 300,000 deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This cancer develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. The two main types are:

• Squamous cell carcinoma – the most common, starting in thin, flat cells on the cervix surface.

• Adenocarcinoma – rarer, developing in mucus-producing cells, and can progress quickly.

The primary cause of cervical cancer is Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which spreads through sexual contact. Persistent HPV infections can gradually change cervical cells and lead to cancer. Women at higher risk include those who:

• Have early sexual activity

• Have multiple sexual partners

• Have weakened immune systems

• Don’t undergo regular Pap smear tests

• Smoke or use tobacco

Early Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Dr. Saloni Chadha, Assistant Professor at RML Hospital, explains that early stages often have no obvious symptoms. As the disease progresses, warning signs may appear, including:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding: between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause

• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge

• Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse

• Fatigue, weakness, weight loss, or loss of appetite

• Swelling or pain in the legs, difficulty urinating if the infection spreads

Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Preventive Measures

Experts recommend the following steps to reduce the risk of cervical cancer:

HPV vaccination – most effective between ages 9 and 26

Regular Pap smear tests – every 3 years

Safe sexual practices

Quit smoking and avoid tobacco

Boost immunity – maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly

Consult a doctor promptly if experiencing abnormal bleeding, discharge, or pain

Early detection and preventive care are key to fighting cervical cancer and ensuring better health outcomes for women.