Ultra-processed food addiction in adults: A bigger risk than alcohol and tobacco

For many, the foods they enjoy most may be quietly harming their health. New research published in the journal Addiction shows that ultra-processed food (UPF) addiction may now be more common among older Americans than alcohol or tobacco use. These highly processed foods, loaded with refined sugars, fats, and artificial additives, are designed to overstimulate the brain’s reward pathways, leading to compulsive eating and strong cravings. While ultra-processed food addiction is not yet formally recognised as a medical diagnosis, the study estimates that roughly 12% of adults aged 50 to 80 exhibit patterns consistent with addictive behaviour.
The findings also reveal serious consequences for physical health, mental wellbeing, and social life, with women being particularly at risk.



Women may be more vulnerable to ultra-processed food addiction

The study highlights that women are particularly susceptible to UPF addiction. Nearly a quarter of women aged 50 to 64 reported addiction, compared to 12% of women aged 65 to 80. Overall, 17% of women were affected, in contrast to only 7.5% of men. Researchers suggest that this difference may be linked to historical marketing strategies. During the 1980s, women in this age group were targeted with “diet” ultra-processed foods that were high in refined carbohydrates and low in fat. These products were promoted as convenient, weight-loss-friendly options, but they may have unintentionally reinforced addictive eating patterns. Long-term exposure, combined with societal pressures around dieting and body image, could have further heightened susceptibility and shaped lifelong eating behaviours.

The study also found that women with UPF addiction were more likely to have an annual income below $30,000. This socioeconomic factor, however, was not observed among male participants, suggesting that women in lower-income brackets may face greater exposure or vulnerability to these highly marketed foods.



Health consequences of ultra-processed food addiction

Addiction to ultra-processed foods can have serious consequences for overall health. Regular consumption of UPFs is associated with higher risks of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and other metabolic disorders. Beyond physical health, the study noted links to mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, and reduced social wellbeing.

Men, while less likely to be addicted to these foods, were observed to experience stronger negative mental health effects when they did develop an addiction. This suggests that UPF addiction not only alters eating habits but may also exacerbate psychological stress, further affecting quality of life in older adults.



Why ultra-processed foods are addictive

UPFs are deliberately engineered to be highly rewarding to the brain. The combination of sugar, fat, salt, and artificial flavours activates neurological pathways similar to addictive drugs. This leads to compulsive consumption, often overriding signals of fullness or nutritional need. Cravings can be particularly strong because these foods provide immediate sensory gratification without offering long-term health benefits.

The study points out that women aged 50–64 were in a critical developmental period when “diet” UPFs first flooded the market. Many consumed these products believing they would aid in weight management, but instead, the foods promoted repetitive, addictive eating behaviours. Today, similar marketing tactics continue to target adolescent girls and young women, especially through social media, which could perpetuate patterns of addiction in younger generations.



Tackling ultra-processed food addiction in older adults and women

Although ultra-processed food addiction is not yet formally recognised, awareness of its potential impact is growing. Experts urge a focus on improving diet quality, reducing consumption of highly processed foods, and promoting whole, nutrient-dense alternatives. For older adults, interventions may also involve mental health support, nutritional guidance, and education on reading food labels to identify hidden sugars and unhealthy fats.

Understanding and addressing UPF addiction is particularly urgent for women, given the higher prevalence and compounded risks associated with age, income, and historical exposure. As research continues, public health initiatives may need to consider strategies similar to those used for alcohol and tobacco addiction, including awareness campaigns, behavioural interventions, and policies to reduce the availability and marketing of ultra-processed foods.


Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or lifestyle change.


Also Read: 5 everyday ‘healthy’ foods that secretly hinder weight loss and increase cravings